OmniBioTwin: A System-of-Twinned-Systems Framework for Health Digital Twins

OmniBioTwin introduces a System-of-Twinned-Systems (SoTS) framework for health digital twins (HDTs), addressing the limitations of current monolithic models by organizing HDTs into modular computational entities with explicit interaction operators across a multi-layer network architecture. The framework features seven coordinated layers, including data integration and cross-scale coupling, and is exemplified through a multiscale twin for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) signaling pathways in Alzheimer's disease. This approach enhances patient-specific modeling and decision support, offering a more cohesive and scalable solution for practitioners in the health AI domain.