StatefulDiscovery: Evidence-Calibrated Claim Formation in Open-Ended Scientific Discovery

StatefulDiscovery is a new framework designed for open-ended scientific discovery, addressing the challenge of evidence calibration in claim formation. It externalizes investigation states to optimize frontier selection, evidence acquisition, and claim adjudication, demonstrating improved performance across 40 real-data discovery tasks compared to several baselines. This approach emphasizes the importance of structured hypotheses and local adjudication, providing practitioners with a method to enhance the reliability and value of scientific claims derived from exploratory analyses.